Delamination of sodium montmorillonite in PA6 in the presence of melamine polyphosphate

This study describes the influence of melamine polyphosphate (MPP) flame retardant addition on layered structure of virgin sodium montmorillonite (MMT) in PA6/MMT system obtained in extrusion process. It was found that the extrusion of the PA6/MMT binary system in co‐rotating twin screw extruder gives intercalated clay nanocomposites, while during extrusion of ternary PA6/MMT/MPP composite, full exfoliation of clay was obtained in the system. Structure of the composites was proved utilizing wide angle X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Exfoliation of MMT in ternary PA6/MMT/MPP system was also confirmed by rheological studies (viscosity and creep measurements) which were carried out using rotational rheometer. Young's modulus of PA6/MMT/MPP was found to be ~25% greater comparing to PA6/MPP of the same filling level. Cone calorimetry experiments proved decrease of heat release rate peak of PA6/MMT/MPP by ~55% comparing to PA6/MPP with the same total filling level. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Enhancement of water barrier properties and tribological performance of hybrid glass fiber/epoxy composites with inclusions of carbon and silica nanoparticles

Water barrier properties and tribological performance (hardness and wear behavior) of new hybrid nanocomposites under dry and wet conditions were investigated. The new fabricated hybrid nanocomposite laminates consist of epoxy reinforced with woven and nonwoven tissue glass fibers and two different types of nanoparticles, silica (SiO₂) and carbon black nanoparticles (C). These nanoparticles were incorporated into epoxy resin as a single nanoparticle (either SiO₂ or C) or combining SiO₂ and C nanoparticles simultaneously with different weight fractions. The results showed that addition of carbon nanoparticles with 0.5 and 1 wt% resulted in maximum reduction in water uptake by 28.55% and 21.66%, respectively, as compared with neat glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Addition of all studied types and contents of nanoparticles improves hardness in dry and wet conditions over unfilled fiber composites. Under dry conditions, maximum reduction of 47.26% in weight loss was obtained with specimens containing 1 wt% carbon nanoparticles; however, in wet conditions, weight loss was reduced by 17.525% for specimens containing 0.5 wt% carbon nanoparticles as compared with unfilled fiber composites. Diffusion coefficients for different types of the hybrid nanocomposites were computed using Fickian and Langmuir models of diffusion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Phenanthroline-fluorescein molecular hybrid as a ratiometric and selective fluorescent chemosensor for Cu2+ via FRET strategy: synthesis,computational studies and in vitro applications

A FRET-based chemosensor L containing donor phenanthroline and acceptor fluorescein moiety was designed, synthesised and characterised for the ratiometric fluorescent detection of Cu²⁺ in organo-aqueous solution. Probe L showed high selectivity and excellent sensitivity towards Cu²⁺ ions by exhibiting both colorimetric and fluorometric changes due to opening of the spirolactum ring of fluorescein upon complexation with Cu²⁺. In presence of Cu²⁺ ions, probe L formed L-Cu²⁺ complex in 1:1 stoichiometric fashion which is established on the basis of Job’s plot and mass spectroscopy. We also performed DFT computational studies to know the binding nature and coordination feature of the complex. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging studies revealed that probe L was cell permeable and could be used to detect intracellular Cu²⁺ in living cells.     

基于新型量子点荧光微球的氯霉素免疫层析试纸条的制备和应用

以羧基化CdTe/ZnSe量子点荧光微球为标记物,通过1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(EDC/NHS)活化法将氯霉素(CAP)单克隆抗体与量子点荧光微球偶联制备荧光探针.氯霉素全抗原(CAP-HS-BSA)及羊抗鼠二抗分别喷涂硝酸纤维素膜,形成检测线(T线)和质控线(C线),组装成新型氯霉素量子点荧光微球免疫层析试纸条,建立了快速、定量检测牛奶中CAP的方法.本研究开发的量子点荧光微球试纸条可在15 min内完成牛奶样品中CAP的定量检测,线性范围为0.1~100.0μg/L,检出限为0.1μg/L.牛奶样品CAP的加标回收率为93.3%~97.9%,相对标准偏差在4.9%~6.9%之间.     

具有遗传性疾病和性状的遗传位点分析

随着信息技术的进步和发展,现代生物学越来越多地将这些技术用于大规模生物数据的收集、分析、挖掘等过程.大量计算机技术,特别是统计方法被用来进行复杂疾病的分析.大量研究表明,人体的许多表型性状差异以及对药物和疾病的易感性等都可能与某些位点相关联,或和包含有多个位点的基因相关联.因此,定位与性状或疾病相关联的位点在染色体或基因中的位置,能帮助研究人员了解性状和一些疾病的遗传机理,也能使人们对致病位点加以干预,防止一些遗传病的发生.利用随机森林方法、Bootstrap重抽样、logistic回归等大数据分析方法,意在解决优化生物学位点关联性分析中单一致病位点识别、多位点相互作用和多性状位点关联性分析等子问题.     

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In this paper, the empirical Bayes (EB) two-sided test for parameter of Cox models is investigated under square loss functions. At first by using recursive kernel estimation of probability function the empirical Bayes two-sided test rule is constructed. It proves that the proposed empirical Bayes test rule is asymptotic optimal and convergence rates are obtained under suitable conditions. Finally an example of satisfying theorem conditions is given.     

小样本定数截尾场合下威布尔和对数正态分布的拟合检验

本文给出了小样本定数截尾场合下两参数威布尔分布和对数正态分布的拟合检验方法,该方法还适用于一般的位置-刻度参数族分布,论文还通过实际算例说明方法的可行性。     

Evaluation of hybrid laser-cut and cast miniature fracture specimens

This paper presents a new hybrid laser-cutting method for producing fracture test specimens from thermosetting materials. The hybrid approach combines casting of a sheet of material with subsequent laser-cutting of the test specimens. The new approach was compared to the traditional casting method using a fracture toughness test. For this study, a compact version of the tapered double cantilever beam (cTDCB) was used as a specimen geometry for both manufacturing methods. The cTDCB specimen is crack length independent, and crack length investigations were performed to ensure the crack length independence of the cTDCB specimens. The specimens that were made by the hybrid laser-cut method were found to be comparable to the specimens obtained by the traditional casting method. Moreover, the laser-cut method provides a fast and accurate method to make a significant number of samples in a reasonable time. These tests show that the hybrid laser-cut method could be a good alternative to the traditional casting method.     

Experimental characterization of dynamic behaviour of gelatin-based material using DIC

In this paper, the dynamic response of gelatin-based soft material under impact loading is investigated. The dynamic tests are principally performed by the classical SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars) technique. However, due to the very low mechanical impedance of the specimen compared with the Hopkinson bars, the feeble impact forces are measured by highly sensitive piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) pressure sensors instead of SHPB measurement system. The PVDF pressure sensors are placed on the interfaces between the specimen and the bars. During the impact test, the non-equilibrium stress state and inhomogeneous strain fields are developed in the specimen; a digital image correlation (DIC) technique is proposed to identify the inhomogeneous displacement fields using high speed photography. A non-parametric approach based on the DIC technique is developed to deduce the transient stress fields in the longitudinal and transverse directions from the displacement fields measured by DIC. The validation of the calculated stress fields is performed by comparing them with the stress measurements from the PVDF pressure sensor at the bottom end of the specimen. Furthermore, stress-strain response is carried out using this approach throughout the specimen. It is clearly shown that the average highest strain rate varies with position in the specimen. This lead to multiple stress-strain relations determined at different strain rates by only one impact test. The significant strain rate sensitivity is observed at the tested rate range from 81/s to 269/s. Under compression loading, the axial stress state is developed as a simple compression only in the central part of the specimen due to the friction at the interfaces between the specimen and the bars. According to the calculated results based on movement of “long waves”, the region of the simple compression stress state in the central part of the specimen is localized. It is observed that the axial stress is much more important than the transverse stress in the central part and this confirms the assumption of uni-axial compression stress state in the specimen.